Do you want to make money in the stock market even if you don't own any shares?

Do you want to make money in the stock market even if you don't own any shares? You can do it through short selling. The technique involves selling shares you don't own at a higher price and then buying them back at a lower price. The difference between the two prices is your profit. However, this involves risk as the short seller does not own the shares during trading and it is probable that he may default on settlement or delivery. To reduce the risk, SEBI launched the Securities Lending and Borrowing Scheme (SLBS) on the NSE in April 2008.

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When a trader short sells shares he doesn't own, it's termed a naked short sale. SLBS allows the trader to borrow shares at the initiation of the short sale. This is called covered short selling and ensures that the trader fulfils his obligation by imposing adequate margins. Under the scheme, the lenders give their idle shares to short sellers for a period ranging from one month to a year, for a fee that is determined by demand and supply. This gives long-term investors an opportunity to earn additional income. SLBS is applicable in the cash market.
However, short-selling can also be done in the derivatives market. An investor can go short on a stock or market index by selling a futures contract or by buying a put option. Futures enable a trader to buy or sell a fixed quantity of stocks or index (defined in terms of market lots) within a specified period, while a put option grants its buyer a right to sell. So if XYZ stock is trading at Rs 100, the futures seller as well as the buyer of a 100 strike put option will gain if the price falls below Rs 100 on the date of settlement.
However, short selling via the derivatives market has some drawbacks compared with doing it through SLBS in the cash market. In the derivatives market, the futures and options (F&O) are traded in market lots, so one has to buy or sell the number of contracts specified in the rulebook. On the other hand, in SLBS, the market lot is one stock. So if a trader wants to sell ITC futures, he needs to trade in a market lot of 1,000 shares. This means a wrong judgment could magnify the losses for the trader. However, by using SLBS, he can choose to short sell only one stock. This safeguards him from the ill-effects of leverage.
Pros and Cons
SLBS helps in exploiting arbitrage opportunities between the cash and derivatives markets. When the futures are trading at a discount to the cash market, one can short sell the shares by borrowing them through SLBS while simultaneously buying the futures contract. Let's assume the stock of ABC is trading at Rs 200 in the cash market and at Rs 180 in the futures market. The market lot is 100 shares, while the market-determined cost of borrowing the shares through SLBS is Rs 5 per share. If we borrow shares in the cash market and sell them, and simultaneously buy the futures contract, it will entail a profit of Rs 2,000 [100 x (200-180)]. Even after paying Rs 500 as borrowing cost, we will generate Rs 1,500 as riskless profit.
Though SLBS seems beneficial, investors have ignored it and all efforts to garner their interest have failed. Between June 2009 and June 2010, there have only been 106 trades, amounting to a meagre Rs 6.42 lakh. The majority of the participants prefer the derivatives segment for short selling. According to experts, the reason for the lack of interest is the high cost associated with SLBS. According to Santanu Syam, Executive Director of Operations at Angel Broking: "A borrower needs to pay the full amount up front, besides additional margins. The sum of all margins works out to as high as 100 per cent or sometimes even more." Also, SLBS is applicable only to stocks that are traded in the F&O segment.
The system forces investors to shell out more than they need to pay in the derivatives segment. For example, if an investor wants to borrow 125 shares of Infosys at a price of Rs 2,600, it would involve a payment of Rs 3.25 lakh, plus the cost of borrowing. Also, margins such as cash margins are as high as 25 per cent of the lending price. So a short seller will need to pay Rs 4.06 lakh. In the derivatives segment, the investor will pay about 40 per cent margin (all inclusive).
Therefore, the same could be short sold with a margin of Rs 1.3 lakh. Short selling is beneficial when the markets are overvalued or when stocks are trading at unwarranted premiums over their fair values. Also, it enhances liquidity and provides stability to the stock markets. "To make the scheme more useful, the regulator should revise the margin requirement and introduce scrips other than those listed in the F&O segment," says Syam. Hopefully, the recent approval by SEBI to allow physical settlement in the derivatives segment will be the impetus that revives SLBS.

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Guide to financial planning

STEP 1: FINANCIAL planning. If that word is a put off, don't let it be. It's the all important word in your money dictionary. Here, we simplify it for you.Step 1 - Put your finances in orderWe spend more than half our lives working and saving, but hardly spend any time planning on how to put that hard-earned money to work more effectively. So, how do you plan your financial life?Put your (financial) house in order Financial planning starts with a review of your overall financial profile, and not at investing. Before rushing to build an investment portfolio, you need to address the following issues:Insure your health, life and assetsStart by protecting your family’s current lifestyle against events/ expenses beyond your control. Buy appropriate insurance policies for your medical expenses, life, car, and other important assets.
Calculate: How much insurance you should buy Repay high-cost loansPaying credit card bills on time can save you more money in interest costs than most of your investments could earn you. Ditto for borrowings that cost you more than 15% pa. So, put high-cost loans behind you, and only then start building your investment portfolio.Put money aside for emergenciesDeploy some money in short-term investments that can be encashed on demand to help you tide over unforeseen needs and emergencies.
Draw up a savings planIncome - Expenditure = Savings
Do not leave this equation to chance – make a savings plan. Put away as much as you can, as regularly as you can, aim to save at least 15% of your take home annual income.


Step 2 : Prepare to invest Investment planning is simpler than you think, and more rewarding than you would imagine. Your age and investment size does not matter, nor do you have do be a money whiz – just do it NOW. So where do you start?Identify your financial goals What are your goals? What are you saving for – A house? Child's education/ marriage? New car? World tour? Retirement? Quantify this in terms of amount of money needed, and time horizons.To understand the process of defining and quantifying your future goals, use our Retirement Planner . Even if you do not have retirement planning as one of your financial goals, this planning tool should help you understand the process of financial goal planning. Understand your risk profile Depending on our income and needs, we all have different capacity for risk. We also have a different risk tolerance, based on our individual psychological make-up. Understand your risk profile and plan your portfolio accordingly.Find out: Your risk profile Plan your asset allocation Returns should not be your primary objective; you could end up taking more risk than you are financially/ psychologically capable of. It helps seek expert advice and create a portfolio with the right spread across asset classes to minimise risk of incurring a loss.Calculate: Your asset allocation

Step 3 : Start investing NOWThe only thing worse than investing late is not investing at all.Use the power of compounding Compounding is the best reason for starting early. The sooner you begin investing the better – every day that you are invested is a day that your money is working for you. Check out: How the power of compounding works Invest as per your needs If you know you will need cash next year (down payment for a house, child’s college fee etc), opt for a shorter term, low capital risk investment (such as liquid/ gilt/ money market funds, bank term deposits or top-rated company deposits/ fixed income investment options). Similarly, invest money that you will not need for 3-5 years in the stock market.Evaluate your investing skills Finding the right money manager for your investments is important. You could manage your money yourself, use professional money managers, or invest through mutual funds.Financial planning is not about financial expertise and hard work. All it needs is the right approach and discipline. Disclaimer: While we have made efforts to ensure the accuracy of our content (consisting of articles and information), neither this website nor the author shall be held responsible for any losses/ incidents suffered by people accessing, using or is supplied with the content.